by Azka Ali | Aug 22, 2025 | Global Affairs, Terrorism
For decades, Pakistan’s strategic outlook has been shaped by its adversarial relationship with India. While Kashmir has remained the fulcrum of this rivalry, the Pakistani state and its security establishment have constructed a wider tapestry of “threat perceptions”...
by Azka Ali | Aug 21, 2025 | Governance & Policy, Information Warfare, Terrorism
In recent years, Pakistani Islamic scholars—working in tandem with state institutions—have embarked on a theological and ideological campaign to delegitimise extremist groups such as the Fitna al Khawarij (FAK) formerly TTP and the Islamic State Khorasan Province...
by Azka Ali | Aug 21, 2025 | Global Affairs, Terrorism
The arrest of Kulbhushan Jadhav in March 2016 marked one of the most high-profile espionage cases in South Asia in decades. Jadhav, a former Indian Navy officer, was captured in Balochistan and accused of working as a covert operative for India’s external intelligence...
by Azka Ali | Aug 20, 2025 | Global Affairs
When Russian cyber operatives infiltrated U.S. government agencies through the SolarWinds breach in 2020, Washington stopped short of calling it an “act of war.” Similarly, when China-linked hackers allegedly penetrated Microsoft Exchange servers in 2021, the response...
by Azka Ali | Aug 19, 2025 | Economics and Trade, Governance & Policy
Few issues illustrate Pakistan’s governance challenges as starkly as the circular debt crisis in the energy sector. What began as a financial shortfall in power payments two decades ago has metastasized into a structural problem that threatens not only energy security...
