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by | Oct 22, 2025

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MIT Scientists Find First Traces of Earth’s 4.5-Billion-Year-Old “Proto Planet”









In a groundbreaking discovery, geologists at MIT and partner institutions have uncovered the first physical evidence of material from the “proto Earth” , the planet that existed before a colossal impact reshaped it into the world we know today.

Published in Nature Geosciences, the study identifies a subtle potassium isotope imbalance in ancient rock samples from Greenland, Canada, and Hawaii, a chemical signature unlike any found in modern Earth materials. The finding suggests these rocks may contain untouched remnants of the original Earth’s composition, dating back 4.5 billion years.

“This may be the first direct evidence that we’ve preserved proto-Earth materials,” said Nicole Nie, MIT geochemist and study co-author.

The discovery could transform scientists’ understanding of how the early solar system evolved and reveal what ingredients formed the foundation for Earth and its neighboring planets before the massive impact that created the Moon.

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